Analgesic-like activity of perillyl acetate: In vivo and in silico studies

Objective: To evaluate the antinociceptive activity of perillyl acetate in mice and in silico simulations. Methods: The vehicle, perillyl acetate (100, 150 and/or 200 mg/kg, i.p.), diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.) or morphine (6 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to mice, respectively. Rotarod test, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin-induced nociception, hot plate test, and tail-flick test were performed. Opioid receptors-involvement in perillyl acetate antinociceptive effect was also investigated. Results: Perillyl acetate did not affect the motor coordination of mice. However, it reduced the number of acetic acid-induced abdominal twitches and licking times in the formalin test. There was an increase of latency time in the tail-flick test of 30 and 60 minutes. Pretreatment with naloxone reversed the antinociceptive effect of perillyl acetate (200 mg/kg). In silico analysis demonstrated that perillyl acetate could bind to μ-opioid receptors. Conclusions: Perillyl acetate has antinociceptive effect at the spinal level in animal nociception models, without affecting the locomotor integrity and possibly through μ-opioid receptors. In silico studies have suggested that perillyl acetate can act as a μ-opioid receptor agonist.

Analgesic-like activity of perillyl acetate: In vivo and in silico studies

Objective: To evaluate the antinociceptive activity of perillyl acetate in mice and in silico simulations. Methods: The vehicle, perillyl acetate (100, 150 and/or 200 mg/kg, i.p.), diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.) or morphine (6 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to mice, respectively. Rotarod test, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin-induced nociception, hot plate test, and tail-flick test were performed. Opioid receptors-involvement in perillyl acetate antinociceptive effect was also investigated. Results: Perillyl acetate did not affect the motor coordination of mice. However, it reduced the number of acetic acid-induced abdominal twitches and licking times in the formalin test. There was an increase of latency time in the tail-flick test of 30 and 60 minutes. Pretreatment with naloxone reversed the antinociceptive effect of perillyl acetate (200 mg/kg). In silico analysis demonstrated that perillyl acetate could bind to μ-opioid receptors. Conclusions: Perillyl acetate has antinociceptive effect at the spinal level in animal nociception models, without affecting the locomotor integrity and possibly through μ-opioid receptors. In silico studies have suggested that perillyl acetate can act as a μ-opioid receptor agonist.

Occurrence of acid erosion of the teeth, actinomycosis and polioencephalomalacia in flock of sheep fed wet low pectin citrus pulp / Ocorrência de erosão ácida dos dentes, actinomicose e polioencefalomalacia em rebanho de ovinos alimentados com polpa cítrica úmida despectinada

The citrus pulp can be used as a substitute in ruminant feed reducing costs and maintaining the nutritional quality of food. However, this compound should be used carefully so as not to cause harm to the animals. The present report aims to describe the occurrence of dental erosion, actinomycosis and polioencephalomalacia in sheep raised and kept with a wet low pectin citrus pulp based diet, composing 50% of roughage. Actinomycosis was diagnosed in five animals through clinical and radiographic examinations and microbiological culture, and, after treatment, three animals were cured. Polioencephalomalacia was confirmed in ten animals by clinical diagnostics, in nine out of ten animals by therapeutic diagnosis, and in one animal by post-mortem anatomopathological examination. According to the observed, we recommend caution when large amounts of citrus pulp are used as bulky food.(AU)

A polpa cítrica está entre os produtos que podem ser utilizados como substitutos na alimentação de ruminantes, diminuindo os gastos e mantendo a qualidade nutricional do alimento fornecido aos animais, porém, esses alimentos devem ser utilizados de forma que não tragam malefícios. Assim, o presente relato visa apresentar a ocorrência de erosão dentária, actinomicose e polioencefalomalácia em ovinos criados e mantidos recebendo alimentação à base de polpa cítrica úmida despectinada na concentração de 50% do volumoso. A actinomicose foi diagnosticada em cinco animais por meio de exame clínico, radiográfico e cultivo microbiológico, e após tratamento três animais foram curados. Já a polioencefalomalácia foi confirmada em dez animais pelos sintomas manifestados, eficiência da terapia instituída em nove animais e exame anatomopatológico de um animal que veio a óbito. De acordo com o observado, deve-se ter cuidado ao utilizar grande quantidade de polpa cítrica úmida como volumoso.(AU)

Influência do tamanho do vaso e época de avaliação sobre o crescimento do picão preto em competição com milho e soja / Influence of the cup size and time of evaluation on growth black jack in competition with corn and soybean

A avaliação dos efeitos da competição das plantas daninhas sobre o crescimento de culturas como milho e soja é efetuada por meio de ensaios em ambientes protegidos para maior precisão experimental e segurança nos resultados obtidos. Esses ensaios geralmente são feitos em recipientes (vasos) onde se testam os efeitos desejados em épocas após plantio. O tamanho do vaso quando pequeno pode limitar o desenvolvimento da planta pelo volume de substrato neles contido. No entanto, essa limitação está diretamente relacionada às espécies em desenvolvimento e ao tempo de avaliação. Assim objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar o efeito do volume de vasos na capacidade competitiva das plantas de picão-preto, milho e soja em diferentes épocas de avaliação. O milho apresentou-se mais competitivo com o picão-preto que a soja tanto nos diferentes tamanhos de vaso quanto nas diferentes épocas. Dentro do intervalo testado, recomenda-se o uso de vasos com volume de 16 dm3, devido à baixa tendência de estabilização das curvas do modelo proposto. Por este motivo também, pode-se afirmar que intervalos iguais ou inferiores a 60 dias são inadequados para os ensaios de competição das plantas de picão-preto com milho ou soja.

The evaluation of the effects of weed competition on growth from crops like corn and soybeans is done by testing in protected environments for increased accuracy and confidence in experimental results. These tests are usually done in containers (pots) where they test their desired times after planting. The small size of the vessel when could limit development of the plant the volume of the substrate contained therein. However, this limitation is directly related to the species in the development and evaluation time. Thus the objective of this work is to verify the effect of the volume of vessels in the competitive ability of plants black jack, corn and soybean at different sampling times. The corn had become more competitive with black jack soybean so that the vessel in different sizes and at different times. Within the range tested, it is recommended the use of vessels with a volume of 16 dm 3, due to the low tendency to stabilize model curves. For this reason, too, can say what intervals not exceeding 60 days are inadequate for field trials of plants black jack with corn or soybeans.